Kuwonongeka kwa Chikhalidwe cha Maselo Kunachepetsedwa Bwino

Kuipitsidwa kwa chikhalidwe cha ma cell kumatha kukhala vuto lofala kwambiri m'ma laboratories amtundu wa ma cell, nthawi zina kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.Zowonongeka zamtundu wa cell zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, zowononga mankhwala monga sing'anga, seramu ndi zonyansa zamadzi, endotoxins, plasticizers ndi detergents, ndi zowononga zachilengedwe monga mabakiteriya, nkhungu, yisiti, ma virus, mycoplasmas cross infection.Zoyipitsidwa ndi ma cell ena.Ngakhale ndizosatheka kuthetseratu kuipitsidwa, kuchuluka kwake komanso kuuma kwake kumatha kuchepetsedwa pomvetsetsa bwino komwe kumachokera komanso kutsatira njira zabwino za aseptic.

1. Gawoli likufotokoza mitundu ikuluikulu ya kuipitsidwa kwachilengedwe:
Kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya
Kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu ndi ma virus
Kuwonongeka kwa Mycoplasma
Yisiti kuipitsidwa

1.1 Kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya
Mabakiteriya ndi gulu lalikulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri.Kaŵirikaŵiri amangokhala ma microns ochepa m’mimba mwake ndipo amatha kukhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zozungulira mpaka ku ndodo ndi zozungulira.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, kukula kwake, komanso kukula kwachangu, mabakiteriya, pamodzi ndi yisiti ndi nkhungu, ndizo zowononga kwambiri zamoyo mu chikhalidwe cha maselo.

1.1.1 Kuzindikira Kuwonongeka kwa Bakiteriya
Bakiteriya kuipitsidwa mosavuta wapezeka ndi zithunzi anayendera chikhalidwe patangopita masiku ochepa kuti kachilombo;
Zikhalidwe zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zamtambo (mwachitsanzo, chipwirikiti), nthawi zina ndi filimu yopyapyala pamwamba.
Kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa pH ya sing'anga yachikhalidwe kumakumananso pafupipafupi.
Pansi pa maikulosikopu yamphamvu yotsika, mabakiteriya amawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono, osuntha ma cell pakati pa maselo, ndipo kuyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu yamphamvu kwambiri kumatha kuthetsa mawonekedwe a mabakiteriya amodzi.

1.2 Kuwonongeka kwa Mold & Virus
1.2.1 Kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu
Nkhungu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamera mumtundu wa hyphae.Maukonde olumikizana nawo amitundu yambirimbiri amakhala ndi minyewa yofanana ndi majini yotchedwa colonies kapena mycelium.

Mofanana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa yisiti, pH ya chikhalidwe imakhalabe yokhazikika panthawi yoyamba ya kuipitsidwa ndipo imakula mofulumira pamene chikhalidwe chimayamba kudwala kwambiri ndikukhala mitambo.Pansi pa maikulosikopu, mycelium nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira, nthawi zina ngati timagulu ta spores.Tizilombo ta nkhungu zambiri timatha kukhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri komanso osasangalatsa panthawi yomwe sagona ndipo amayatsidwa pokhapokha pakukula bwino.

1.2.2 Kuwonongeka kwa ma virus
Ma virus ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono topatsirana tomwe timatenga makina a cell omwe amabadwa kuti abereke.Kukula kwawo kochepa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira muchikhalidwe ndikuchotsa ku ma reagents omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories amtundu wa cell.Popeza ma virus ambiri amakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri kwa omwe amawasungira, nthawi zambiri sasokoneza chikhalidwe cha ma cell a mitundu ina kusiyapo omwe amawalandira.
Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zama cell omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kumatha kubweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la ogwira ntchito zachipatala, makamaka ngati maselo amunthu kapena anyani akulira mu labotale.

Matenda a ma virus m'maselo amtundu amatha kuzindikirika ndi ma electron microscopy, immunostaining ndi seti ya ma antibodies, ELISA, kapena PCR yokhala ndi ma virus oyambira.

1.3 Kuwonongeka kwa Mycoplasma
Mycoplasmas ndi mabakiteriya osavuta opanda makoma a maselo, ndipo amaganiziridwa kuti ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono todzipanga tokha.Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri zosakwana 1 micron), mycoplasma imakhala yovuta kuzindikira mpaka itafika patali kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti chikhalidwe cha maselo chiwonongeke;Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, nthawi zambiri palibe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda.

1.3.1 Kuzindikira kuipitsidwa kwa mycoplasma
Ma mycoplasmas ena omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono amatha kukhalabe m'zikhalidwe popanda kuchititsa kufa kwa maselo, koma amasintha machitidwe ndi kagayidwe ka maselo am'magulu azikhalidwe.

Matenda a mycoplasma osatha amatha kudziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa maselo, kuchepa kwachulukidwe komanso kuphatikizika kwa chikhalidwe choyimitsidwa.
Komabe, njira yokhayo yodalirika yodziwira kuipitsidwa kwa mycoplasma ndiyo kuyesa chikhalidwe nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wa fulorosenti (mwachitsanzo, Hoechst 33258), ELISA, PCR, immunostaining, autoradiography, kapena microbial test.

1.4 Kuwonongeka kwa yisiti
Yisiti ndi eukaryotes yokhala ndi selo imodzi ya ufumu wa mafangasi, yoyambira kukula kuchokera ku ma microns ochepa (nthawi zambiri) mpaka ma microns 40 (kawirikawiri).

1.4.1Kuzindikira kuipitsidwa kwa yisiti
Mofanana ndi kuipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, zikhalidwe zomwe zili ndi yisiti zimatha kukhala mitambo, makamaka ngati kuipitsidwako kwafika patsogolo.PH ya zikhalidwe zomwe zayipitsidwa ndi yisiti zimasintha pang'ono mpaka kuipitsidwa kumakula kwambiri, pomwe pH nthawi zambiri imakwera.Pansi pa maikulosikopu, yisiti imawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tozungulira kapena tozungulira ndipo titha kupanga tinthu tating'ono.

2.Matenda opatsirana
Ngakhale kuti sizofala ngati kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa ma cell ambiri ndi HeLa ndi ma cell ena omwe akukula mofulumira ndi vuto lodziwika bwino lomwe lili ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa.Pezani mizere yama cell kuchokera kumabanki odziwika bwino, fufuzani nthawi zonse mawonekedwe a mizere ya cell, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino za aseptic.Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kuipitsidwa.Kusindikiza zala za DNA, karyotyping ndi isotyping zitha kutsimikizira ngati pali kuipitsidwa kwamtundu wama cell anu.

Ngakhale kuti sizofala ngati kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa ma cell ambiri ndi HeLa ndi ma cell ena omwe akukula mofulumira ndi vuto lodziwika bwino lomwe lili ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa.Pezani mizere ya ma cell kuchokera ku mabanki odziwika bwino, fufuzani pafupipafupi mawonekedwe a ma cell, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino za aseptic.Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kuipitsidwa.Kusindikiza zala za DNA, karyotyping ndi isotyping zitha kutsimikizira ngati pali kuipitsidwa kwamtundu wama cell anu.